Quakerism
Understanding Quakerism: The Faith and Practice of the Religious Society of Friends
Quakerism, formally known as the Religious Society of Friends, is a Christian spiritual movement founded in 17th-century England. Quakerism emphasises direct experience of the divine, simplicity in worship, and a commitment to peace and equality. Instead of relying on priests, sacraments, or formal creeds, Quakers believe that every person can encounter God directly through the “Inner Light” — the divine presence within each individual. This understanding gives rise to a distinctive form of worship, community life, and social testimony that values silence, discernment, and integrity. Today, Quakerism encompasses a range of beliefs from Christ-centred to non-theist, united by a shared commitment to spiritual equality and compassionate action.
Historical Origins of Quakerism
Quakerism began in the 1650s in England, during a period of religious and political upheaval following the English Civil War. Its founder, George Fox, sought a purer form of Christianity based not on church hierarchy or ritual, but on the immediate guidance of the Holy Spirit. His followers, who became known as “Friends” or “Quakers,” rejected the authority of clergy and emphasised inner spiritual experience over outward ceremony. Early Quakers faced severe persecution for refusing to swear oaths, pay tithes, or participate in war. Despite this, their movement spread rapidly throughout Britain, Europe, and North America. Over time, Quaker communities established a global presence, known for their dedication to peace, education, and social justice.
Core Beliefs and Spiritual Practice in Quakerism
At the heart of Quakerism lies the belief in the Inner Light, often described as “that of God in everyone.” This concept forms the foundation of Quaker spirituality, affirming that divine truth can be revealed to anyone who listens inwardly. Quaker worship, particularly in unprogrammed meetings, is conducted in silence and stillness, with participants waiting upon the Spirit. When someone feels genuinely moved by divine prompting, they may speak briefly and sincerely. This shared silence fosters spiritual equality and deep community. Quaker testimonies — simplicity, peace, integrity, community, equality, and stewardship — are not fixed doctrines but expressions of faith in action, shaping how Friends live, work, and relate to others.
Quakerism and Social Justice
From its beginnings, Quakerism has been distinguished by its commitment to social reform and peace activism. Quakers were among the first groups to denounce slavery, advocate for prison reform, and promote women’s equality. Their principle of non-violence inspired pacifist movements, conscientious objection, and modern peacebuilding efforts. In the 20th century, Quaker organisations such as the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) and Quaker Peace and Social Witness (QPSW) received international recognition, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947, for humanitarian work and mediation in global conflicts. Today, Quakers continue to work for climate justice, racial equality, and ethical governance, applying their spiritual convictions to the practical challenges of society.
Contemporary Relevance of Quakerism
In the modern world, Quakerism remains a living, evolving spiritual tradition that appeals to seekers drawn to contemplative worship, ethical simplicity, and social conscience. Meetings for worship can be silent (unprogrammed) or led by appointed ministers (programmed), reflecting the diversity of Quaker practice worldwide. Quaker decision-making, known as the sense of the meeting, seeks unity rather than majority rule, valuing the guidance of the Spirit in communal discernment. As contemporary culture grows more fragmented and hurried, Quakerism offers a quiet, reflective path grounded in peace, equality, and inward listening. More than a denomination, it is a way of life — a continuing invitation to live faithfully, truthfully, and compassionately in the Light.